Which signs are associated with hypokalemia as indicated by the mnemonic S.A.V.E.?

• A. Skeletal muscle weakness, Arrhythmias, Ventricular tachycardia, EKG changes
• B. Severe muscle pain, Abnormal heart rate, Vascular issues, Edema
• C. Skin rash, Abdominal pain, Visual disturbances, Electrolyte imbalance
• D. Shortness of breath, Anemia, Vomiting, Excessive thirst

Answer: (A)

The mnemonic S.A.V.E. is a useful tool for remembering the signs associated with hypokalemia, which is a low potassium level in the blood. Each letter corresponds to key clinical manifestations:

• S stands for Skeletal muscle weakness: One of the hallmark symptoms of hypokalemia is muscle weakness, particularly in the proximal muscles of the limbs. This occurs because potassium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve function.

• A stands for Arrhythmias: Low levels of potassium can lead to various cardiac arrhythmias. This is significant as it can increase the risk of serious heart problems, highlighting the impact of potassium on heart electrical activity.

• V represents Ventricular tachycardia: This is a specific type of arrhythmia commonly associated with hypokalemia. It can be life-threatening and may require prompt medical intervention.

• E indicates EKG changes: Hypokalemia often manifests as characteristic changes on an electrocardiogram (EKG), such as flattened T waves, the presence of U waves, and ST segment depression. These changes are critical for nurses and healthcare providers to recognize, as they may indicate the underlying potassium deficiency.

This option accurately