What is the mnemonic for the causes of hyperkalemia?

• A. A - Medications, Acidosis, Renal failure, Adrenal insufficiency, Cell lysis, Hypoaldosteronism
• B. B - Medications, Allergies, Renal failure, Anemia, Cancer
• C. C - Metabolic, Alcoholism, Renal impairment, Adrenaline, Calcium deficiency
• D. D - Muscle damage, Arsenic, Renal failure, Ascites, Calcium imbalance

Answer: (A)

The correct answer presents a comprehensive mnemonic that effectively encapsulates the primary causes of hyperkalemia. Each component of the mnemonic corresponds to a specific factor that can lead to elevated potassium levels in the body.

Understanding this mnemonic is crucial for nursing practice, as it assists in quick recall of the various conditions and mechanisms that may contribute to hyperkalemia. For example, medications, particularly those that affect renal function, can hinder the excretion of potassium, resulting in elevated serum levels. Acidosis is another important cause; when the blood becomes more acidic, potassium ions shift out of cells in exchange for hydrogen ions, increasing serum potassium concentrations. Renal failure directly affects the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium, while adrenal insufficiency can lead to decreased aldosterone secretion, a hormone responsible for potassium regulation. Cell lysis, such as that occurring during tissue injury or hemolysis, releases potassium stored within cells into the bloodstream. Lastly, hypoaldosteronism results in reduced renal potassium excretion, further contributing to hyperkalemia.

Understanding these elements is essential for nursing assessments and interventions, enabling caregivers to recognize at-risk patients and manage hyperkalemia effectively.